c 1000 BCE to start of CE period

Rome bloedt. Het is het jaar 48 v.Chr. en de stad gaat gebukt onder een onverbiddelijke burgeroorlog. Het is ieder voor zich in het kersverse keizerrijk van Julius Caesar. Maar te midden van de chaos heeft Gordianus de Vinder hele andere dingen aan zijn hoofd, wanneer de helderziende Cassandra midden op het marktplein in zijn armen sterft. Hij raakt geobsedeerd door haar leven en verstrikt in haar plotselinge dood. Al gauw ontdekt Gordianus haar nauwe banden met de welgestelden van de oude stad. Wie is er verantwoordelijk voor haar vergiftiging? Met gevaar voor eigen leven gaat hij op onderzoek uit.Steven Saylor (1956) is een Amerikaanse schrijver die vooral bekendheid heeft verkregen met zijn historische thrillers in de Roma Sub Rosa-reeks, waarin hoofdpersoon Gordianus de Vinder moordzaken probeert op te lossen in het antieke Rome. Met zijn eindeloze kennis van de Oudheid en klassieke literatuur weet hij lezers wereldwijd te vermaken met misdaadromans ten tijde van Julius Caesar, Cleopatra en Cicero. Ook de Roma-reeks is populair, waaronder het gelijknamige eerste deel, dat een New York Times-bestseller werd. Naast zijn historische romans schreef hij ook erotische fictie onder het pseudoniem Aaron Travis.

General Julius Caesar ist auf dem Hohepunkt seiner Macht und Beliebtheit beim romischen Volk. Sein Aufstieg wird jedoch von einigen seiner engsten Vertrauten mit Sorge betrachtet: Cassius und Brutus furchten, dass Caesar sich zum tyrannischen Alleinherrscher uber Rom aufschwingen will. Obwohl der prinzipientreue Brutus zunachst Zweifel hat, nimmt er an einem Mordkomplott gegen seinen Freund teil. Der Verrat hat jedoch dramatische Folgen - nicht nur fur Caesar, sondern auch fur Brutus, Cassius und ihre Mitverschworer...-

Ein wendungsreiches Drama uber den Konflikt zwischen Vernunft und Emotion! Der romische Triumvir Antonius lebt in Agypten ein gluckliches Leben an der Seite seiner Geliebten, Konigin Cleopatra. Doch eines Tages wird er nach Rom zuruckbeordert: das Reich wird durch eine Rebellion bedroht. Antonius muss sich zwischen seiner Liebe zu Cleopatra und seiner Pflicht als Herrscher entscheiden. Doch egal welchen Weg er wahlt: Freunde und Feinde sind immer schwerer voneinander zu unterscheiden, jeder kann zum Verrater werden. Das Schicksal Roms und Agyptens liegt in den Handen des tragischen Liebespaars...-

Prinzessin Imogen lehnt sich aus Liebe gegen ihren Vater, Konig Cymbeline, auf: heimlich heiratet sie Posthumus, einen Mann burgerlichen Standes. Der wutende Cymbeline verbannt Posthumus daraufhin kurzerhand aus seinem Reich. Gleichzeitig schmieden Imogens Stiefmutter sowie der hinterlistige Iachimo finstere Plane gegen die einsame Konigstochter: Sie beschliet, vom Hof ihres Vaters zu fliehen und ihren geliebten Posthumus zu finden. Es kommt zu uberraschenden Wendungen, blutigen Konfrontationen und folgenreichen Begegnungen - kann das Drama ein versohnliches Ende nehmen? -

Kuningas Oidipus hallitsee Thebaa kuningatar lokasteen ja lastensa kanssa, mutta kaupunkia uhkaavat vaikeat ajat. Jumalten mukaan kaupunki on pelastuva rutolta ja kuolemalta, mikäli Oidipuksen edeltäjän kuningas Laioksen murha selvitetään ja kostetaan. Pikku hiljaa Oidipuksen karmea rooli murhassa ja oma salainen alkuperä alkaa selvitä, traagisin seurauksin.Sofokleen Kuningas Oidipus (429 eaa.) on antiikin Kreikan aikainen tragedia, joka pureutuu ihmisyyden teemoihin uskonnon avulla. Tarinasta on tehty lukuisia teatteri- ja elokuvasovituksia, kuten Oedipus the King (1968), jossa nimikkoroolia esittää Christopher Plummer.Sofokles (496/495–406 eea.) oli antiikin kreikkalainen tragediakirjailija ja poliitikko, jota pidettiin kreikkalaisen tragedian uudistajana. Hän kirjoitti uransa aikana yli sata näytelmää, mutta vain murto-osa näistä on säilynyt kokonaisina. Hänen kuuluisimpia näytelmiään ovat Kuningas Oidipus ja Antigone.

Against the mighty splendour of the glorious Roman Empire, unfolds the magnificent new saga, perfect for fans of Conn Iggulden.Correus and Flavius. Half-brothers, sons of a brilliant general. One, son of a slave woman, is a born warrior destined to excel. The other, a nobleman by birth, must struggle relentlessly to succeed.When they both join the Centuriate, a position Flavius has always known he will inherit, and one that Correus has long coveted, it is together that they face the brutal reality of war. Fighting German barbarians will prove dangerous, not only to their bodies but to their souls as well...The Centurions, book one in this epic Roman adventure trilogy, is perfect for Simon Scarrow and Ben Kane's fans.Damion Hunter is a pseudonym of Amanda Cockrell. Along with the Centurions Trilogy, she is also the author of Pomegranate Seed, What We Keep Is Not Always What Will Stay, the historical trilogies The Deer Dancers and The Horse Catchers, and The Legions of the Mist, a Roman historical adventure novel. She lives in Roanoke, Virginia.

Die Liebe ist eine ganz schon komplizierte Angelegenheit. Das mussen Hermia, Lysander, Helena und Demetrius in William Shakespeares Komodie "e;Ein Sommernachtstraum"e; am eigenen Leib erfahren. Gleichzeitig befinden sich Titania und Oberon, das Konigspaar der Feen, in einem groen Streit - ein Konflikt, der auch fur die Welt der Sterblichen Konsequenzen hat. Als die vier Liebenden sich nachts ins Feenreich verirren, beginnt ein magisches Chaos voller Verwechslungen: kann sich am Ende alles wieder zum Guten wenden?-

In dieser Komodie von William Shakespeare sorgt ein identisches Zwillingspaar fur viel Wirbel! Kaufmann Aegeon reist in die Stadt Ephesos, um dort nach seiner Frau und einem seiner Zwillingssohne, Antipholus, zu suchen, die er vor Jahren bei einem Schiffsungluck verloren hat. Auch Antipholus' eineiiger Zwillingsbruder - der ebenfalls Antipholus heit - verfolgt das Ziel, in Ephesos seine Familie wieder zusammenzubringen. Als er jedoch von Schwagerin Adriana mit seinem Bruder verwechselt wird, nimmt das Durcheinander unaufhaltsam seinen Lauf...-

On vuosi 850 eKr. Abiel tyoskentelee tahdistalukijana Israelin kuningaspalatsissa. Abielin maailma mullistuu, kun vanha kuningas Ahab kuolee sodassa ja uusi aikakausi on alkamassa. Assyyrian Salmaneserin sanansaattaja Hoodia kertoo, etta uusi aikakausi on muuttava kaiken ja vapauttava ihmiset julmista hallitsijoista, jotka ovat tahan asti alistaneet kansojaan. Kaikki tama on tapahtuva Maailman Vapauttajan, koyhien ystavan ja orpojen isan avulla. Kuka on tama vapauttaja?Aarne Haapakosken historiallisessa romaanissa Abiel tahdistalukija seikkaillaan kokonaisten kansakuntien kohtaloiden keskella. Yksi henkilo voi muuttaa historian kulun pelkalla olemassaolollaan. -

I det gamle Grækenland og Romerriget spillede religionen en enorm rolle i samfundets opbygning såvel som for den enkelte borger. Forholdet mellem mennesker og guder sås som gensidigt afhængigt, og ofringer til og dyrkelse af guderne var afgørende for, at samfundet kunne fungere, en krig kunne vindes, og et familieliv kunne fungere.I denne bog belyser professor i religionsvidenskab Per Bilde de mange forskellige aspekter af religionens betydning og opbygning i den hellenistisk-romerske verden, samt hvordan kristendommen spirede frem af de religioner, der på mange måder står i modsætning til den religion, der kom til at dominere Europa i de næste 2000 år.Per Bilde (1939-2014) var dansk teolog, forfatter og professor i religionsvidenskab ved Aarhus Universitet. Han forskede især i kristendommens grundlæggelse og har skrevet bøger om urkristendommen, de hellenistisk-romerske religiøse traditioner og den historiske Jesus.

Aux premiers jours de la République romaine, Caius Martius est patricien et convoite le pouvoir consulaire. Grand combattant, il perd cependant les élections à cause de son mépris pour la plèbe. Condamné à l'exil, Caius revient à la charge avec un nouvel allié... Une œuvre où se mêlent politique et philosophie pour sceller le destin d'un homme.Surnommé le "Barde", William Shakespeare (1564-c.1616) est considéré de par le monde comme l'un des plus grands dramaturges de l'Histoire et l'écrivain le plus important de la littérature anglophone. Son existence est controversée, mais les nombreuses œuvres qu'il a léguées au monde ont influencé des générations de lecteurs et d'écrivains et continuent, aujourd'hui encore, d'être mises en scène ou adaptées au cinéma. Parmi les plus célèbres, figurent "Roméo et Juliette", "Hamlet", "Othello", "Le Roi Lear" ou encore "Macbeth".

William Shakespeare verarbeitet in dieser bewegenden Tragodie die Legende des mythischen Konigs Leir und verwebt darin die Geschichte zweier dysfunktionaler Familien mit dem Schicksal Englands. Der alternde Konig Lear beschliet, sich zur Ruhe zu setzen und das Reich unter seinen drei Tochtern aufzuteilen. Doch nur Cordelia, die Jungste, hat Gutes im Sinn. Gleichzeitig hat der Graf von Gloucester Arger mit der hochkochenden Rivalitat seiner Sohne Edmund und Edgar. Konnen die beiden Familien dem Strudel aus Verrat, Krieg und Missgunst entkommen?-

"Vi studerer fortidens historie for at forstå os selv og vor egen tids historie - udelukkende derfor!"Sådan begynder forordet til "Romerånden. Tolv populære foredrag over åndshistorie". Bogen er en samlet udgave af foredrag afholdt af den danske forfatter og dramatiker P.A. Rosenberg med henblik på at undersøge kulturudviklingens gang gennem tiderne. Foredragene fokuserer blandt andet på Italiens ældre folk, romernes religion, politik og retssystemer i den ældste tid, stænderkampens afslutning og meget mere.P.A. Rosenberg (1858-1935) var en dansk forfatter, dramatiker, lærer og foredragsholder. Han var uddannet i religionsfilosofi og underviste ved flere københavnske privatskoler. I stor kontrast til samtidens kulturradikalisme med Georg Brandes i spidsen, var Rosenbergs liv præget af en kristen verdensanskuelse, og han var stor fortaler for nationale traditioner i åndslivet. Han debuterede som forfatter med fortællingen "Af et digterliv" i 1881 og udgav efterfølgende en lang række skuespil, digte og fagbøger om blandt andre Herman Bang og Søren Kierkegaard.

Tandis que les premiers chrétiens tentent de faire connaître leur religion dans le ville de Pompéi, le Grec Glaucus et l'Egyptien Arbacès se disputent la belle Ione. Nul ne sait que le tremblement de terre qui secoue la ville est annonciateur d'un mal bien plus important...Né en 1803 à Londres, Edward Bulwer-Lytton connut son premier succès d'écrivain dès ses 25 ans avec son premier roman intitulé Pelham ou les aventures d'un gentleman. Trois ans plus tard il entra au parlement. Son mariage souffrit non seulement de ses activités tant politiques que littéraires mais aussi de ses infidélités.

Hadoram purppurantekija ja hanen rakastettunsa Ester kohtaavat mystisissa, ajoittain jopa vaarallisissa olosuhteissa. Heidan seikkailunsa kietoutuvat Persian suurkuninkaan Xerxeen ja profeetta Sakarjan kohtaloihin. Romantiikkaa ja jannitysta yhteen punova kertomus sijoittuu vuosituhansien takaiseen Foinikiaan, Persiaan ja Kreikkaan.Aarne Haapakoski, joka tunnetaan paremmin Outsiderina, sijoittaa Purppurantekijassa (1951) rakkaustarinan klassisen historian ytimeen. Historiallisen romaanin ikimuistoiset hahmot raottavat historian ovia rakkauden ja seikkailun keinoin.-

Mâtho, mercenaire employé par la ville de Carthage, tombe éperdument amoureux de Salammbô, fille du général Hamilcar. Cet amour est réciproque et pourrait être heureux... Si seulement le destin de la ville ne dépendait pas d'eux.Mêlant tout à la fois le destin et la guerre, l'Histoire des Grands à une histoire d'amour, cette œuvre emmène le lecteur dans la plus pure tradition des tragédies. Peinture, musique classique, opéra, cinéma, bande dessinée et même jeu vidéo, les adaptations ont été nombreuses et reflètent l'impact profond qu'a laissé Salammbô sur les esprits.Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) est un écrivain français dont les analyses psychologiques profondes et le réalisme de l'écriture l'ont inscrit au panthéon de la littérature mondiale. Son œuvre, lucide sur la société dans laquelle vit l'auteur et sur les individus qui la peuplent, a inspiré de nombreux auteurs, comme Emile Zola et Guy de Maupassant. Outre "Salammbô", Flaubert a également écrit "Madame Bovary", "Bouvard et Pécuchet" ainsi que "L'éducation sentimentale".

Millainen on taydellinen ja oikeudenmukainen ihannevaltio? Tahan kysymykseen Platon pyrki vastaamaan perinpohjaisessa dialogissaan Valtio, joka yhdistelee poliittista filosofiaa, etiikkaa ja ideaoppia. Platonin tunnetuin teos kuvaa oikeudenmukaista valtiorakennetta hyvan elaman ja onnellisuuden perustana seka sisaltaa kuuluisan luolavertauksen. Valtiota on pidetty yhtena merkittavimpana teoksena lansimaiden filosofisessa kirjallisuudessa.-

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 f.Kr. - 43 f.Kr.) var ikke personligt til stede, da Cæsar blev myrdet af en lang række af hans tætteste allierede, men han spillede en stor rolle i den efterfølgende magtkamp mellem Marcus Antonius, der ønskede at overtage Cæsars plads, og de republikanere, der ønskede at forsvare republikken. Cicero blev nu den reelle leder af senatet, og det var gennem hans fillipiske taler, at han for alvor tog kampen op for den republikanske sag.Hartvig Frisch beskriver de politiske spændinger, der førte til mordet på Cæsar, og Ciceros efterfølgende forsøg på at forbedre og bevare republikken. Bogen er en spændende redegørelse for en af de mest dramatiske begivenheder i Romerrigets historie og Ciceros rolle i den.Hartvig Frisch (1893-1950) var en dansk forfatter, klassisk filolog og politiker, der fra 1947 til 1950 var undervisningsminister for Socialdemokratiet. I forbindelse med besættelsen spillede Hartvig Frisch en omstridt rolle, da han udtalte sig kritisk om både nazismen og visse af modstandsbevægelsens handlinger.Som undervisningsminister indførte Hartvig Frisch i 1948 retskrivningsreformen, som blandt andet ændrede "aa" til "å" og "vilde" til "ville". Mange af Hartvig Frisch’ bøger handler om Danmark under anden verdenskrig, mens en del af hans andre bøger beskæftiger sig med antikkens verden.

"The Tragedy of Coriolanus" falls into the category of Shakespeares' political tragedies. It tells of the story of the legendary Roman hero Caius Marcius Coriolanus. Coriolanus' military success helps him get forward in Rome's political life, and he soon starts dreaming of a leadership position. Unfortunately, too much power inevitably leads to corruption, and Coriolanus’ fate is no exception.A detailed exploration of power struggles, political issues, and what it means to be a man, "The Tragedy of Coriolanus" is on the one hand a harsh critique of power and greed, and on the other hand, it is the rise-and-fall tale of an intriguing and virtuous character.B. J. Harrison started his Classic Tales Podcast back in 2007, wanting to breathe new life into classic stories. He masterfully plays with a wide array of voices and accents and has since then produced over 500 audiobooks. Now in collaboration with SAGA Egmont, his engaging narration of these famous classics is available to readers everywhere.William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English playwright and poet, often regarded as the greatest dramatist and writer in the English language. He wrote more than 150 sonnets, and 39 plays, which have been translated into many languages. Among his most popular plays are the comedies "The Comedy of Errors" and "A Midsummer Night’s Dream", the histories "Richard III" and "Henry V", as well as the tragedies "Hamlet" and "King Lear".

После Троянской войны греческий герой Одиссей хочет вернуться домой, на остров Итака, чтобы найти свою возлюбленную Пенелопу. Гомер описывает это путешествие в двадцати четырёх песнях: Одиссей, идущий от испытания к испытанию чудовищами, магами и богами, вернётся на Итаку через десять лет! Между тем, его жене также предстоит столкнуться с трудным выбором: веря, что Одиссей мертв, гнусные женихи борются за его руку. Будут ли они вместе после долгих лет разлуки?Гомер – древнегреческий поэт, живший в VIII веке до нашей эры. Доподлинно о его жизни и личности известно очень мало. Ему приписывают авторство «Илиады» и «Одиссеи», которые вдохновляли многих писателей от античности до наших дней и считаются фундаментом европейской литературы.

«Саламбо» - исторический роман, описывающий подавление восстания наёмников карфагенским военачальником Гамилькаром Барка. Флобер скрупулёзно описывает быт, архитектуру, пищу, украшения, обряды, оружие, одежду и психологию людей того времени. В романе присутствует также и любовная линия. Командир армии наёмников Мато страстно влюбляется в дочь Гамилькара аристократку Саламбо. Есть ли будущее у этих отношений? Могут ли чувства человека могут повлиять на ход истории? Об этом узнаете из романа Гюстава Флобера «Саламбо».Гюстав Флобер (1821-1880) – французский писатель-романист, один из создателей жанра современного романа. Он оказал огромное влияние на мировую литературу. Флобер дружил с Жорж Санд и был наставником Ги де Мопассана. Его самые известные романы: «Воспитание чувств», «Госпожа Бовари», «Саламбо». Произведения Гюстава Флобера легли в основу множества экранизаций. Одна из них – фильм Александра Сокурова «Спаси и сохрани» по мотивам романа «Госпожа Бовари».

Sweet words and manipulative compliments can make everyone's head spin. The "Fox and the Crow" teaches us to keep clear mind in the face of flattery.Aesop's fables feature animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics. All the stories story lead to a particular moral lesson.Aesop (620–564 BCE) was a storyteller that was believed to have lived in Ancient Greece. He is celebrated for a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. In the few scattered sources about his life, Aesop was described as a slave who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states.Although Aesop's existence remains unclear, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day.

Sometimes no matter how hard we try, we cannot reach our goal. And, of course, it is much easier to claim our goal undesirable than to admit defeat. There is hardly a child who does not know the fox who called the grapes sour but Aesop's fables offer so much more...Aesop's fables feature animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics. All the stories story lead to a particular moral lesson.Aesop (620–564 BCE) was a storyteller that was believed to have lived in Ancient Greece. He is celebrated for a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. In the few scattered sources about his life, Aesop was described as a slave who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states.Although Aesop's existence remains unclear, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day.

Deux couples d'amoureux que la societe cherche a separer. La nuit tombant, les jeunes gens se perdent dans une foret... qu'Oberon et Titania, roi et reine des fees, ont choisi pour rassembler leur cour. Avec tout ce monde, un philtre d'amour et bien des jaloux, la confusion regne dans la foret !-

A touch of fortune can sometimes be enough to unlock endless greed in a person. And greed is rarely a good advisor as it could lead us to a short-sighted destruction of a valuable resource...Aesop's fables feature animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics. All the stories story lead to a particular moral lesson.Aesop (620–564 BCE) was a storyteller that was believed to have lived in Ancient Greece. He is celebrated for a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. In the few scattered sources about his life, Aesop was described as a slave who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states.Although Aesop's existence remains unclear, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day.

Is talent more important to success than hard work? Sometimes if we are determined and focused on our goals, we can overcome even the strongest opponents. And vise versa: we should not only rely on talent to win.In his timeless fables, Aesop whispers from the past knowledge which we think we know, but very often forget.Aesop's fables feature animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics. All the stories story lead to a particular moral lesson.Aesop (620–564 BCE) was a storyteller that was believed to have lived in Ancient Greece. He is celebrated for a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. In the few scattered sources about his life, Aesop was described as a slave who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states.Although Aesop's existence remains unclear, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day.

Who do you think is stronger – the Sun or the North Wind? They both found themselves in a dispute because they both thought that they were strongest. They saw a traveler who was just passing by and they decided that whoever made the man remove his cloak would be proclaimed the strongest. A winner is declared. Who will it be and what is the moral of the story? Find out in Aesop’s fable "The North Wind and the Sun".Aesop's fables feature animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics. All the stories story lead to a particular moral lesson.Aesop (620–564 BCE) was a storyteller that was believed to have lived in Ancient Greece. He is celebrated for a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. In the few scattered sources about his life, Aesop was described as a slave who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states.Although Aesop's existence remains unclear, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day.

Do we see the real personality of people or is there more luring behind the surface? Sometimes the ones we trust the most might be playing a role contrary to their character.In his timeless fables, Aesop whispers from the past knowledge which we think we know, but very often forget.Aesop's fables feature animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics. All the stories story lead to a particular moral lesson.Aesop (620–564 BCE) was a storyteller that was believed to have lived in Ancient Greece. He is celebrated for a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. In the few scattered sources about his life, Aesop was described as a slave who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states.Although Aesop's existence remains unclear, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day.

Le Roi Lear aimerait se retirer du pouvoir et partager son royaume entre ses trois filles : celle qui exprimera le mieux son amour a l'egard du roi recevra la plus grande partie du royaume. Alors que les deux ainees rivalisent de flagorneries, la fille preferee du roi, la plus jeune, prefere se montrer sincere : elle sait qu'un jour, elle devra vouer une partie de son amour a un mari. Blesse, son pere la desherite. Au meme moment, dans le comte de Gloucester, les questions d'amour filial et d'heritage sont egalement au centre de l'attention.-

The sly fox, the greedy wolf and the diligent ant are among the most iconic and loved characters from Aesop’s fables. Who doesn’t love discovering knowledge in the ancient tales? It doesn’t matter if you are just learning to read or you are picking up a good night story for your children: Aesop’s fables offers a piece of wisdom to everyone.Aesop's fables feature animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics. All the stories story lead to a particular moral lesson.Aesop (620–564 BCE) was a storyteller that was believed to have lived in Ancient Greece. He is celebrated for a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. In the few scattered sources about his life, Aesop was described as a slave who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states.Although Aesop's existence remains unclear, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day.